Adiabatic expansion cooling of antihydrogen

Magnetically trapped antihydrogen atoms can be cooled by expanding the volume of the trap in which they are confined. We report a proof-of-principle experiment in which antiatoms are deliberately released from expanded and static traps. Antiatoms escape at an average trap depth of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mrow><a:mn>0.08</a:mn><a:mo>±</a:mo><a:mn>0.01</a:mn><a:mspace width="0.28em"/><a:mi mathvariant="normal">K</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> (statistical errors only) from the expanded trap while they escape at average depths of <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:mrow><d:mn>0.22</d:mn><d:mo>±</d:mo><d:mn>0.01</d:mn></d:mrow></d:math> and <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><e:mrow><e:mn>0.17</e:mn><e:mo>±</e:mo><e:mn>0.01</e:mn><e:mspace width="0.28em"/><e:mi mathvariant="normal">K</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> from two different static traps. (We employ temperature-equivalent energy units.) Detailed simulations qualitatively agree with the escape times measured in the experiment and show a decrease of <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><h:mrow><h:mn>38</h:mn><h:mo>%</h:mo></h:mrow></h:math> (statistical <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><i:mrow><i:mtext>error</i:mtext><i:mo>&lt;</i:mo><i:mn>0.2</i:mn><i:mo>%</i:mo></i:mrow></i:math>) in the mean energy of the population after the trap expansion without significantly increasing antiatom loss compared to typical static confinement protocols. This change is bracketed by the predictions of one-dimensional and three-dimensional semianalytic adiabatic expansion models. These experimental, simulational, and model results are consistent with obtaining an adiabatically cooled population of antihydrogen atoms that partially exchanged energy between axial and transverse degrees of freedom during the trap expansion. This result is important for future antihydrogen gravitational experiments which rely on adiabatic cooling, and it will enable antihydrogen cooling beyond the fundamental limits of laser cooling. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Journal
Physical Review Research
Published
2024-09-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032065
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.69

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article

Adiabatic expansion cooling of antihydrogen

F. Robicheaux, C. A. Isaac, J. S. Wurtele, A. Evans et al.
5 citations
Physical Review Research
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
1.69
article

Adiabatic expansion cooling of antihydrogen

F. Robicheaux, C. A. Isaac, J. S. Wurtele, A. Evans, B. X. R. Alves, R. Collister, P. Granum, T. D. Tharp, C. Torkzaban, M. Sameed, D. Hodgkinson, S Cohen, K. Olchanski, J. S. Hangst, W. Bertsche, Takamasa Momose, A. Capra, N. Madsen, J. T. K. McKenna, M. Charlton, M. E. Hayden, D. P. van der Werf, G. Stutter, M. Fujiwara, S. Eriksson, Mostafa Ahmadi, C. L. Cesar, N. Evetts, D. Maxwell, S. Jonsell, J. Fajans, Stephen A. Jones, C. Ø. Rasmussen, Å. Olin, J. J. Munich, T. Friesen, M. A. Johnson, D. M. Silveira, C. So, Chris Baker, R. L. Sacramento, E. Sarid, N. Kalem, R. I. Thompson, P. Pusa, S. Menary
article en
5 citations

Abstract

Magnetically trapped antihydrogen atoms can be cooled by expanding the volume of the trap in which they are confined. We report a proof-of-principle experiment in which antiatoms are deliberately released from expanded and static traps. Antiatoms escape at an average trap depth of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mrow><a:mn>0.08</a:mn><a:mo>±</a:mo><a:mn>0.01</a:mn><a:mspace width="0.28em"/><a:mi mathvariant="normal">K</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> (statistical errors only) from the expanded trap while they escape at average depths of <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:mrow><d:mn>0.22</d:mn><d:mo>±</d:mo><d:mn>0.01</d:mn></d:mrow></d:math> and <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><e:mrow><e:mn>0.17</e:mn><e:mo>±</e:mo><e:mn>0.01</e:mn><e:mspace width="0.28em"/><e:mi mathvariant="normal">K</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> from two different static traps. (We employ temperature-equivalent energy units.) Detailed simulations qualitatively agree with the escape times measured in the experiment and show a decrease of <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><h:mrow><h:mn>38</h:mn><h:mo>%</h:mo></h:mrow></h:math> (statistical <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><i:mrow><i:mtext>error</i:mtext><i:mo>&lt;</i:mo><i:mn>0.2</i:mn><i:mo>%</i:mo></i:mrow></i:math>) in the mean energy of the population after the trap expansion without significantly increasing antiatom loss compared to typical static confinement protocols. This change is bracketed by the predictions of one-dimensional and three-dimensional semianalytic adiabatic expansion models. These experimental, simulational, and model results are consistent with obtaining an adiabatically cooled population of antihydrogen atoms that partially exchanged energy between axial and transverse degrees of freedom during the trap expansion. This result is important for future antihydrogen gravitational experiments which rely on adiabatic cooling, and it will enable antihydrogen cooling beyond the fundamental limits of laser cooling. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physical Review ResearchVol. 6(3)
Marquette University (US), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL), University of British Columbia (CA), University of Liverpool (GB), Stockholm University (SE), University of Calgary (CA), University of Groningen (NL), Simon Fraser University (CA), Cockcroft Institute (GB), York University (CA), Aarhus University (DK), University of Victoria (CA), Purdue University West Lafayette (US), University of Manchester (GB), Swansea University (GB), Sci-Tech Daresbury (GB), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH), University of California, Berkeley (US)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, TRIUMF, Leverhulme Trust, Royal Society, Carlsbergfondet, Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Israel Science Foundation, Vetenskapsrådet, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
1.69
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