Dynamics of the level of interleukin 31 and 33, cortisol and filaggrin in the blood serum of pregnant women with atopic dermatitis during treatment with a combination of an emollient and a topical antipruritic agent

Introduction. The widespread prevalence of atopic dermatitis and decreased quality of life make the problem urgent and require the search for new treatment methods. In atopic dermatitis, excessive expression of interleukins 31 and 33 in keratinocytes is noted. In patients with atopic dermatitis, there is an increase in serum cortisol and filaggrin levels. In recent years, active development of drugs has been carried out, aimed mainly at the immune component of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. However, clinical trials of these drugs are not conducted on pregnant women. For the treatment of atopic dermatitis during pregnancy, we have proposed a regimen of external therapy, including a topical moisturizer and a topical antipruritic agent. Aim. To evaluate the levels of interleukins 31, 33, cortisol and filaggrin in blood serum before and after treatment of atopic dermatitis with a combination of emollient and topical antipruritic agent. Materials and methods. The examination included 76 pregnant women during an exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. The levels of interleukins 31, 33, cortisol and filaggrin were determined in the blood serum at the first visit and after 4 weeks of using the proposed combination of emollient and topical antipruritic agent using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Against the background of the proposed therapy, a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of interleukins 31 was noted from 28.98 to 2.08 pg/ml, filaggrin from 9.72 to 5.26 ng/ml, cortisol from 629.80 to 472.25 pg/ml (p = 0,001). There were no statistically significant fluctuations in interleukins 33 levels (p = 0,124). Conclusion. The combination of external therapy with the use of an emollient and a topical antipruritic agent reduces the production of interleukins 31, cortisol and filaggrin in the blood serum, but the content of interleukins 33 does not change significantly.