THE MODIFICATION OF HUMAN NATURE IN DYSTOPIAN LITERATURE IN EUROPE AND GEORGIA

Dystopia is defined as the reverse, or even the antithesis, of Utopia and the very sign of our times, pregnant with the omnipresence contained in the Western imagination. Thus, it draws its strength from the cultural challenges and issues at stake in contemporary society. Literature, for its part, reflects the ideas of dystopian thought from the current mundane epoch and appropriates the subject to expand images of a disenchanted world, with themes that warn against negative repercussions and the fallout that comes from a reality that humanity tried to construct. As a type of thought forged by crossing philosophical, political or social considerations, Dystopia bills itself as a literary genre of the imaginary that interrogates and disturbs, as it feeds on disillusions and warns against nightmarish Utopic plans that are bound to fail. It was in the 20th century that dystopia appeared in literature and played on the dichotomy of Dystopia/Utopia while at the same time taking the shape of ambivalences found within the notion of Dystopia so as not to close itself into a binary structure limited to Good and Evil. It reflects the preoccupations of the present epoch marked by events such as military conflicts, nuclear threats, the relationship of Man to the environment and, finally, to himself. Thus, it correlates with the new challenges to which Man is exposed and the literary form in which Dystopia appears. The present work aims to study the appearance of dystopian thought in European literature at the turn of the 20th and continuing into the 21st century. It focuses on Man’s transformation, nature, and way of thinking at the heart of a dystopian system built and imagined by European authors. The objective is to establish common aspects as well as to show the differences in the points of view in the representations of the “new individual” and his characteristics and ways of thinking that are at the heart of the dystopian universe of Michael Houellebecq, Kazuo Ishiguro and Zura Jishkariani. Full Text (PDF)