Shingles Virus-A Complete Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

The varicella-zoster virus, or VZV, is a neurotropic human herpesvirus that is widespread throughout the world and belongs to the group Alphaherpesviridae. It is the root cause of varicella-induced chickenpox and shingles (Herpes Zoster [HZ]). The virus, which is spread by respiratory droplets or contact with active varicella lesions, is considered one of the most contagious illnesses. Herpetic neuralgia (HZ) can cause pain, ocular swelling, and possibly even irreversible or temporary blindness. Pain begins to subside in the second week following shingles, and it may persist long after the rash has healed. This can result in a difficult complication called postherpetic neurogynea (PHN). As one ages, the frequency and severity of PHN increase. Ninety percent of those who receive the two-dose immunization are able to avoid shingles and HZ.