The PKR-T2DM-Apoptosis-Inflammation Axis: An Insightful Review Supporting the Role of the Axis in Periodontal Disease

Protein kinase R (PKR) has emerged as a critical regulator in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and periodontal diseases. PKR, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is activated in response to various stress signals, including viral infections, metabolic disturbances, and inflammatory cytokines. Understanding the role of PKR in the context of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), apoptosis, and inflammation in periodontal diseases can provide insights into periodontal disease pathophysiology and help formulate novel therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the PKR-T2DMapoptosis-inflammation axis in periodontal diseases, detailing the structure and function of PKR, the impact of diabetes on periodontal health, the mechanisms of apoptosis and inflammation in periodontal tissues, and the potential therapeutic implications.