Pyrolysis and Physicochemical, Thermokinetic and Thermodynamic Analyses of Ceiba aesculifolia (Kunth) Britt and Baker Waste to Evaluate Its Bioenergy Potential

<i>Ceiba aesculifolia</i> is an important species in Mexico that generates significant amounts of biomass waste during its exploitation, which can be utilized to produce energy. This study presents the characterization of this waste based on chemical (proximal and elemental) and thermal analyses (TGA-DTG) at different heating rates (β = 10-30 °C/min (283-303 K/min)) in the presence of nitrogen and in a temperature range of 25-900 °C. Kinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed as well. Activation energy (<i>Ea</i>) and the pre-exponential factor (<i>A</i>) were determined using the Friedman (132.03 kJ/mol, 8.11E + 10 s ^-1), FWO (121.65 kJ/mol, 4.30E + 09), KAS (118.14 kJ/mol, 2.41E + 09), and Kissinger (155.85 kJ/mol, 3.47E + 11) kinetic methods. Variation in the reaction order, <i>n</i> (0.3937-0.6141), was obtained by Avrami's theory. We also calculated the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, ΔS) for each kinetic method applied. The results for <i>Ea</i>, <i>A</i>, <i>n</i>, Δ<i>H</i>, Δ<i>G</i>, and Δ<i>S</i> show that this biomass waste is apt for use in pyrolysis. Moreover, the moisture (<10%), ash (<2%), volatile material (>80%), and HHV (>19%) contents of <i>C. aesculifolia</i> allowed us to predict acceptable performance in generating energy and fuels. Finally, infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR) allowed us to identify important functional groups, including one that belongs to the family of the aliphatic hydrocarbons.