Modeling and Statistical Characterization Analysis of Wideband Non-Stationary Channel for UAV Swarm Communication

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAV systems have evolved from single machine to multi-machine cooperation. Among the core technologies of UAV swarm systems, UAV swarm communication technology is increasingly receiving attention. The current modeling of UAV channels only considers communication between receiving and transmitting nodes, typically overlooking the objective situation where non-communication nodes in UAV swarm communication may interfere with the channel between two communicating nodes as they pass through. Therefore, to address this complex scenario,this paper proposes a three-dimensional wideband non-stationary channel model based on binary spheres and cylinders of heterogeneous scattering sources, incorporating line-of-sight, single-bounce, and double-bounce reflections. In this model, parameters such as the speed of the UAV swarm, distances between UAVs, departure, and arrival angles are treated as time-varying. Furthermore, statistical characteristics of the channel such as time-varying spatial-temporal-frequency correlation function and time-varying Doppler power spectral density are derived. This model not only takes into account the impact of the mobility parameters of transmitting nodes on the channel but also analyzes the influence of the motion states of non-communication nodes within the swarm on the communication channel. The simulation results demonstrate that the statistical characteristics of the wideband channel model for UAV swarms are generally similar to existing models. However, the influence of non-communication nodes on statistical characteristics cannot be ignored, with the maximum change in correlation coefficient reaching 0.29. This model provides a new practical approach for modeling UAV swarm communication channels, which can be utilized for performance evaluation and validation of UAV swarm communication systems.