Numerical Analysis of Time-Varying Temperature Profiles and Nanoparticle Concentration Effects on Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Enclosed Systems

The thermal behavior and fluid dynamics of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCM) in enclosed systems have been investigated using numerical simulations, focusing on the effects of time-varying temperature profiles and nanoparticle concentration.The analysis reveals that the inclusion of nanoparticles significantly enhances the fluid flow velocity and streamlining within the enclosure, particularly for aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), copper oxide (CuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles.The results indicate that an increase in nanoparticle concentration leads to an acceleration in fluid flow and improved heat transfer efficiency, with distinct phase change dynamics observed across different concentrations.The study demonstrates that nanomaterials hold substantial potential for enhancing the thermal performance of NEPCM systems.These enhancements can contribute to greater efficiency in thermal energy storage (TES) and heat transfer processes, particularly in industrial applications requiring energy optimization.The findings align with previous research, emphasizing the positive correlation between nanoparticle concentration and velocity streamlining.This work provides valuable insights for the future exploration of different nanoparticle types and concentrations, paving the way for the development of more efficient NEPCM systems in advanced thermal systems.