The Epidemiological, Clinical, and Pathological Features of Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Breast cancer is characterized by the development of a tumor originating from glandular cells, with different names assigned based on the specific cells affected. The tumor's growth is uncontrolled by the body, expanding chaotically throughout the gland. The study aims to explore the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of breast cancer. We conducted a retrospective study at the Khmer -Soviet Friendship Hospital on 286 confirmed cases of breast cancer in women over a two -year period, from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant type, representing 263 cases (91.96%) of all malignant breast tumors. The majority of affected individuals were postmenopausal women aged 56 -65, accounting for 107 cases (37.41%). Advancedstage tumors were identified in 222 cases (77.62%), with 38 cases (13.29%) exhibiting metastases to the lungs, liver, multiple organs, or brain. Mammographic anomalies, predominantly masses or asymmetry of density, along with suspicious microcalcifications, were detected in 98.57% of cases. Ultrasound findings included solid masses (100%) and axillary lymphadenopathy (74.48%). Pathological analysis revealed invasive ductal carcinomas with high Scarff -Bloom -Richardson prognostic factors (SBR II and III) in 89.51% and negative hormonal status in 9 of 32 cases. Awareness of breast selfexamination in detecting anomalies is crucial for women. . Routine mammographic screening every two years for peri -and postmenopausal women can aid in identifying smaller tumors, significant for early and potentially curable treatment interventions.