Alpha Diversity of Pteridophytes in the Lowland Evergreen Forest of the Cofán Bermejo Reserve, Sucumbíos - Ecuador: Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation and their Impact on the SDGS

Method: The methodology adopted for the research included an exhaustive bibliographic search in high impact databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, complemented with semi-structured interviews with relevant members of the RECB, field trips within the reserve, development of plots in one hectare of land, determination of diversity indices and expert judgment. Results and Discussion: The results revealed the current state of the Cofan Bermejo Ecological Reserve, which should be improved in different social aspects. In addition, the diversity indexes for the 609 individuals sampled within the study area were evaluated, of which 9 families, 9 genera and 9 species were recognized. Of which there is one cosmopolitan species of the Polypodiaceae family. On the other hand, Simpson's dominance indexes are low, with a value of (0.281) and Simpson's diversity is determined on average with (0.719). Meanwhile, Shannon's index shows a medium diversity (1.609) and Shannon's evenness index indicates a low diversity (0.732). Research Implications: The results of this study have implications for the planning and management of the Cofan Bermejo Ecological Reserve in the lowland evergreen forest. The research highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the conceptualization and management of the reserve, as well as the importance of considering the landscape as a central element in the development of sustainable tourism products and experiences. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the relationship between the natural landscape and reserve management, bringing together knowledge from a variety of disciplines.