Molecular Detection of Virulence Factors Genes for Some Species of Bacteria That Cause Otitis Media in Kirkuk Governorate

The study included collecting 100 samples from individuals who visited the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Unit in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Hawija General Hospital, and outpatient clinics in Kirkuk Governorate. The samples were collected from individuals aged 2-45 years, during the period from October 27, 2022, to January 3, 2023. The bacterial culture results revealed that 91 samples, accounting for 91% of the total, exhibited bacterial growth on the Mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar, and Blood agar media. 9 samples and 9% of the samples did not give bacterial growth The results detection of virulence factors showed the ability of Staph aureus to form biofilm and product hemolysin percentages 100% respectively. while Kocuria kristinae bacteria formed a biofilm and produced hemolysin, protease, and urease enzymes and beta-lactamase-percentage 100% respectively. While the results showed a decrease in the ability of Proteus mirabilis bacteria to form biofilm by a percentage of 60%, Also the ability of Morganella morganii bacteria to form a biofilm and produce hemolysin and protease enzymes decreased by percentage 20,40,40% respectively. The results showed the ability of E.coli percentage of 75% to form a biofilm and produce a hemolysin percentage of 100%. Only 50% of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria isolated showed the ability to form a biofilm. While product hemolysin and urease enzymes percentage 75% respectively. PCR was used to determine the presence of (hlaB) in Staph aureus bacteria, (ndvB) in E. coli, (UreR) in P. mirabilis, (Prot_clp) in K. kristinae, found in, 100%, 50%, 100%, 100%, respectively.