Open versus Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy: Trends and Outcomes from a Wide National Population-Based Database

<b>Objectives:</b> To investigate temporal trends and overall complication rates among open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN), including the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on postoperative outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> Patients who underwent OPN or MIPN between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed by using PearlDiver-Mariner, an all-payer insurance claims database. The International Classification of Diseases diagnosis and procedure codes were used to identify the type of surgical operation, patient's characteristics (age, sex, region, insurance plan), postoperative complications and SDOH, categorized in education, healthcare, environmental, social, and economic domains. Outcomes were compared using multivariable regression models. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 65,325 patients underwent OPN (n = 23,377) or MIPN (n = 41,948). OPN adoption declined over the study period, whereas that of MIPN increased from 24% to 34% (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The 60-day postoperative complication rate was 15% for the open and 9% for the minimally invasive approach. Approximately 16% and 11% of patients reported at least one SDOH at baseline for OPN and MIPN, respectively. SDOH were associated with higher odds of postoperative complications (OPN = OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25; MIPN = OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18-1.46). The open approach showed a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.54-1.70) compared to the minimally invasive one. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings confirm that MIPN is gradually replacing OPN, which carries a higher risk of complications. SDOH are significant predictors of postoperative complications following PN, regardless of the approach.