Formation of the prerequisites of the analysis of investment activities to the era of the establishment of the market economy

The paper is devoted to the study of the prerequisites for the development of investment activity analysis before the era of the formation of a market economy in the countries of European civilization. In the 21st century, investment activity has gained particular importance, and understanding the historical aspects of economic relations and accounting practices is crucial for its effective analysis. For this purpose, the paper systematizes and periodizes the stages of development of accounting and economic analysis, starting from the early civilizations up to the end of the 19th century. The research employs a comprehensive set of methods, including dialectical, historical, abstract-logical, methods of induction and deduction, as well as expert evaluation and comparison methods. The application of these methods allowed for the identification of patterns in the development of accounting and economic activity analysis in connection with the evolution of socio-economic relations. Significant attention is given to the analysis of the stages of accounting development, starting from its primitive forms in a natural economy to the emergence of complex accounting and analysis systems in the context of expanding commodity-money relations and the establishment of capitalist relations. The development of economic theory concepts, particularly mercantilism, physiocracy, classical and neoclassical theories, which influenced the formation of approaches to accounting and analysis, is also examined. The research results indicate that the development of investment activity was closely linked with the evolution of economic relations, the growth of production scales, trade, and financial market services. Important prerequisites for the formation of investment analysis included the emergence of the institution of property, the development of commodity-money relations, and the need to account for and analyze capital to manage resources effectively. The paper also systematizes information about the formation of investment analysis, which initially had an empirical nature and, with the development of accounting and economic theory, adopted a systematic approach. This laid the foundation for modern investment analysis, which is an important tool for making managerial decisions in a market economy. Overall, the paper emphasizes the importance of a historical approach to studying the development of accounting and analysis, which allows for a better understanding of modern trends and challenges in the field of investment activity.