Dynamic 3D UAV Placement Optimization: Improved Bonobo Optimizer for Enhanced Coverage and Communication

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a promising solution for enhancing network coverage, reliability, and data speed in future wireless network generations. However, deploying UAVs as aerial base stations requires careful consideration of crucial design factors, including three-dimensional (3D) placement and performance optimization tailored to specific applications. In this paper, the 3D placement of multiple UAVs, acting as aerial base stations, is investigated in a dynamic user scenario. First, a closed-form expression for the coverage probability is derived. Then, to maximize the network coverage and sum rate while ensuring reliable and energy efficient system, a joint multi-objective optimization problem is formulated considering the real-time user movements. To solve the problem, an improved Chaos-based Bonobo Optimizer (CBO) scheme is proposed which combines chaotic maps with the Bonobo Optimizer (BO) algorithm. The obtained results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach compared with different benchmark algorithms. The results reveal that the proposed CBO algorithm offers a minimum of $\mathbf{1 5 \%}$ and $\mathbf{9 0} \mathbf{~ M b i t / s ~ i m p r o v e m e n t s ~}$ in coverage and sum rate, respectively.