Exploration and Validation of Immune and Therapeutic-Related Hub Genes in Aortic Valve Calcification and Carotid Atherosclerosis

Our study explored immunological processes, including immune-related genes and cells, involved in the development of AVC and CAS. In particular, the identified hub genes ANGPTL1, CX3CR1, and CCL4 play crucial roles in mediating immune-inflammatory responses, which are central to the pathogenesis of these cardiovascular diseases, and the involvement of these genes in key immune pathways suggests that they could serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis or as targets for therapeutic strategies.