The relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter and demographic and clinical findings in patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome

Aim: This study aimed to assess optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) levels in patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) who were being followed in the demyelinating diseases clinic, as well as to examine their relationship with demographic characteristics and clinical findings. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective study, 14 patients diagnosed with CIS who underwent lumbar puncture for specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were included between January 2024 and August 2024. The ONSD were measured by transorbital sonography. All patients' demographic characteristics, clinical parameters (CSF protein, CSF albumin, serum albumin, immunoglobulin G index, and vitamin D) were recorded. Results: The patients had a mean age of 39.4 ± 12.8 years, and the majority were women. Oligoclonal bands were positive in all patients. The mean disease duration was 23.5 ± 7.6 days. The ONSD measurements for all patients ranged between 3.1 and 5.9 mm in the sagittal and axial planes of both eyes. There was a strong negative correlation between ONSD levels and age, diseases duration, CSF protein, CSF albumin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin G index. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between ONSD and various clinical and laboratory parameters in patients diagnosed with CIS. These findings suggest that ONSD may serve as a valuable, non-invasive marker in assessing disease severity and progression in CIS patients.