Causes of the Groundwater Levels Rise in the Absheron Peninsula and the Ways of its Regulation

In connection with the growth of Baku city and its adjacent regions located in the Absheron Peninsula, this territory is the most densely populated part of our republic. The waste from industrial enterprises and oil and gas fields, a significant part of which is also located within the Peninsula, has a negative influence on the ecological situation of the studied area. This article provides an overview of the hydrogeological conditions of various areas of the object under study and identifies changes in the level of groundwater in these areas while establishing the reasons for its rise. Physical and chemical analyses of water samples taken from drilled wells and dug wells throughout the region were carried out. The reasons for the increase in the level of underground water were established, which lead to flooding, swamping, and recurrent salinization of the soil in the Absheron Peninsula. Measures and recommendations were developed to restore the ecological balance of the study area. In addition, groundwater, phreatimetric data, and water reservoir strikes in cities, villages, and settlements located on the peninsula were studied. The physico-chemical composition of underground waters and their mineralization levels were studied in laboratory conditions. The groundwater levels in drilled and dug wells across the peninsula were established and compared with data from historical records and literature. The studies conducted allowed for the evaluation of the suitability of groundwater for various national and economic uses. It has been established that, simultaneously with natural factors, anthropogenic factors have had a significant influence on the rise in the level of groundwater, including the absence of central sewage and drainage systems, the discharge of water from industrial enterprises, and household water, among others. To eliminate the environmental emergency, it is recommended to carry out priority temporary measures in some areas of the Absheron Peninsula at the initial stage.