Moderate-Intensity exercise has most beneficial effect on inflammatory response in fructose-induced mice (Mus musculus)

Carbohydrates are the most important source of energy for most of the population. However, consuming high levels of carbohydrates, especially from processed sources, is associated with an increased incidence of obesity. Obesity causes adiponectin levels to decrease, which has implications for the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, increasing chronic inflammation and the risk of developing cancer cells. Exercise is reported to be an alternative that can be used to maintain an anti-inflammatory environment. However, the effect of exercise intensity on reducing TNF-α levels and increasing adiponectin has not been clearly explored. Therefore, this study aims to prove the effect of various types of exercise on changes in the inflammatory response in mice induced by fructose (Mus musculus). This study is a true experimental study with a randomized control group posttest-only design using 28 male mice (Mus musculus), eight weeks old, with body weight 20 ± 5 grams and randomly divided into four groups: control group (CTR), low-intensity exercise (LIE), moderate-intensity exercise (MIE), and high-intensity exercise (HIE). Mice were induced orally with a 20% fructose solution at a dose of 1.86 grams/kg body weight from day 1 to day 60. Swimming training is carried out with a frequency of 3x/week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the last exercise, while adiponectin and TNF-α levels were measured using the ELISA method. Data analysis techniques using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test. Results of analysis of TNF-α levels in CTR, LIE, MIE, and HIE (103.43 ± 42.21 vs 93.82 ± 60.87 vs 34.52 ± 15.35 vs 68.14 ± 26.14 ng/mL and p = 0.004). Adiponectin in CTR, LIE, MIE, and HIE (27.39±7.48 vs 66.74±7.81 vs 235.13±47.94 vs 147.92±19.46 pg/mL and p=0.000). Exercise intervention with three different types of intensity for 8 weeks increased adiponectin levels, while TNF-α levels were only found to decrease in the moderate-intensity exercise group. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, obesity, pro-inflammatory, swimming exercise