Advances in the synthesis of C19-hydroxylated steroids

The significant medicinal values associated with C19-hydroxylated steroids dictate a growing demand for new synthetic strategies that would provide facile access to these challenging targets. This review will encapsulate the key synthetic strategies for C19-hydroxylated steroids, which include indirect C–H oxidation and direct C–H oxidation in semi-synthesis as well as total synthesis. The significant medicinal values associated with C19-hydroxylated steroids dictate a growing demand for new synthetic strategies that would provide facile access to these challenging targets. This review encapsulates the key synthetic strategies for C19-hydroxylated steroids, which include indirect and direct steroidal C19–H hydroxylation involved semisynthesis as well as total synthesis from simple building blocks.