The results of the Sverdlovsk Oblast’s Project on screening and early detection of oncourological diseases in men (using the example of prostate cancer).

Background. The incidence rate of oncourological diseases in the male population of Russia (including prostate cancer, PC) tends to increase. Programs aimed on the screening, early detection and on-time treatment can help to increase the cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate in the group of patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of the Sverdlovsk Oblast (SO) (Ural Federal District, Russia) Project on screening, early detection and on-time treatment of oncourological diseases (based on PC as an example) in 2005–2022. Materials and methods. This study included a review of legal documents regulating the organization of population screening and early detection of oncourological diseases (including PC) in SO. Then we systematized the outcomes of the Project in SO, including the results of screening and early detection of PC in male population, and estimation of CSS rates in patients living in the administrative districts (AD) of SO and receiving an additional medical care within the framework of the Project. Results. In 2005–2022 about 196 thousand men were assigned to the risk group for PC; every fourth man at risk group (48.7 thousand men) was additionally examined in Express Diagnostic Urological Office (EDUO) deployed in medical organizations of the 2nd (intermunicipal) level. Medical staff has detected in a timely manner about 18.5 thousand new cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 9.2 thousand new cases of inflammatory diseases of the urinary and genital systems, as well as 2.2 thousand new cases of oncourological diseases (including more than 1.4 thousand new cases of PC). The hazard ratio (HR) of PC death in the group of men who received additional examination under the Project was 2–3 times lower, taking into account the stage of the disease and age. Findings. The results of the Project can be used in planning regional programs for screening, early detection and on-time treatment of cancer (including PC in men).