Assessment of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of <i>Ziziphus lotus</i> Fruit Extracts

One of the main sources of novel chemicals with possible medical use is medicinal plants.Multiple diseases have been treated with them in traditional medicine.The purpose of this study was to explore the phytochemical characteristics, antioxidant effects, and antibacterial activities of several extracts of Ziziphus lotus fruits (ZLF).Phytochemical analysis of ZLF extracts revealed the presence of several bioactive molecules such as phenolic compounds and alkaloids.Water, methanol 50%, methanol 80%, methanol, ethanol, and hexane are the 6 different solvents which were used in order to evaluate the phytochemical profile as well as the biological activities of ZLF, and whose aqueous extract showed the best results.The aqueous extract had the highest yield, followed by methanol, ethanol, and lastly hexane (p < 0.05).The aqueous extract showed the highest total contents of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins (77.13 0.11 mg GAE /g DM, 33.36 0.51 mg QE/g DM, and 03.72 0.16 mg CE/g DM respectively), while the Hexane extract revealed the lowest contents (12.36 0.26 mg GAE/g DM, 06.20 0.23 mg QE/g DM, and 01.20 0.10 mg CE/g DM respectively).By using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, and for the aqueous extract, ZLF extracts demonstrated considerable antioxidant capacities, with the values IC50 = 37 0.27, IC50 = 67 0.18 and IC0.5 = 31 0.22 respectively.All of the ZLF extracts, with the exception of the hexanic extract on Staphylococcus aureus, showed antibacterial efficacy against the bacterial strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.The results obtained reveal that ZLF exhibit significant biochemical composition and considerable biological activities encouraging its nutritional and therapeutic use.