Bio-Briquettes Production from Spent Coffee Grounds, Composite Organic Waste, and Coconut Shells by Using Carbonization

Abstract Global energy demand is projected to rise in coming years due to a corresponding increase in the world’s population. This increased demand highlights the importance of exploring alternative energy sources, particularly renewable energy. Among the various forms of renewable energy, biomass stands out as a consistently abundant and accessible source of renewable energy on a global scale. In Indonesia, there exists a significant abundance of organic waste, spent coffee grounds, and coconut shells. Each of these wastes has a high heating value, so it has potential to become the raw material of bio-briquette, an alternative source of renewable energy. By the method of carbonization, the study was intended to identify the characteristics of the bio-briquette composite using organic waste, coconut shells, and spent coffee grounds as raw material on proximate analysis parameters and heating value. Based on the results of the research, the best bio-briquette characteristics were obtained from sample APEK25 with the characteristic of 7.84% water content, 36.24% volatile matter, 9.38% ash content, 46.54% fixed carbon, and a heating value is 4637 cal/gr. These findings highlight the potential of bio-briquettes as a renewable energy, contributing to waste management for sustainable energy transition and addressing the increasing energy demand.