Role of TREM1 in the sevoflurane‐induced inflammatory activation of microglia in vitro

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are one of the most common complications in perioperative patients, and neuroinflammatory reaction mediated by microglia plays a key role in their formation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Given that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) is a key regulator of inflammation, this study aimed to observe the role of TREM1 on the sevoflurane-induced inflammatory activation in microglia. BV2 microglia were subjected to varying sevoflurane concentrations and durations to assess their viability using CCK8 and the expression of TREM1, iNOS, and ARG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Additionally, TREM1 knockdown lentivirus was employed to examine its impacts on microglia response to sevoflurane and altered expression of inflammatory markers, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, iNOS, and ARG, as detected using qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence for INOS/Iba-1 and ARG/Iba-1. Our findings underscore the potent inflammatory activation induced by prolonged, high-concentration sevoflurane exposure on microglia. We highlight the potential role of TREM1 as a modulator of microglial polarization and a potential target for the treatment and prevention of sevoflurane-induced PNDs.