Present Challenges in Genomic Medicine

Genomic Medicine is the application to clinical practice and research of knowledge about the genetic bases of human health and disease. It began in the 1950s and developed throughout the 21st century, starting with the publication of the sequencing of the Human Genome. Its objective is to obtain more precise and earlier diagnoses, prevent diseases, adapt treatments according to individual genetic information and improve public health programs. Advances in DNA sequencing and analysis have made it possible, identifying genetic variants associated with diseases and responses to treatments. These have led to practical applications such as risk prediction and treatment personalization. In 2024, Genomic Medicine has been integrated into routine healthcare and new frontiers such as gene therapy and gene editing are being explored. Despite the advances, Genomic Medicine faces technical, scientific, ethical-legal, organizational and sustainability challenges. However, with interdisciplinary collaboration, these challenges can be overcome to improve human health and well-being.