Effect of exo-fiber ring, volume fraction and moisture on the mechanical properties of the 3D printed onyx-carbon fiber composite: an experimental study

Abstract The present study investigates the potential of onyx-carbon fiber composites for automotive applications, like bumpers focusing on mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour. The study involves tensile, compression, and flexural tests, alongside water absorption analysis, to determine the optimal composite configuration. Results indicate that higher carbon fiber volume fractions (10%–15%) and multiple concentric layers (exo-fibers) (3–4) significantly enhance the mechanical performance. The configuration of three concentric layers with 15% carbon fiber demonstrates superior tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength, along with minimal long-term water absorption. This configuration offers a balanced combination of high strength, energy absorption, and durability, making it ideal for enhancing vehicle safety and performance. Future research should focus on optimizing manufacturing techniques and exploring smart material integration to further improve the adaptive properties and damage detection capabilities of these composites, paving the way for next-generation automotive technologies.