Serum vitamin D concentration is inversely associated with matrix metalloproteinase‐9 level in periodontal diseases

Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread issue globally due to urban living, less outdoor time, seasonal changes, aging, and sunscreen use, leading to inadequate sun exposure. Low vitamin D levels are linked to several health problems, including hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, and periodontal diseases, which affect the gums and bones around teeth and can cause tooth loss if untreated. Although the link between vitamin D and periodontal disease is unclear, it may involve the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Our study examined 200 people, dividing them into two groups based on vitamin D levels. We assessed their gum health and measured MMP-9 levels in their gingival crevicular fluid, a liquid that seeps out from the tiny space between gums and teeth. We found that people with lower vitamin D levels had higher MMP-9 levels, especially those with gum disease. Our analysis showed that both vitamin D levels and gum health significantly impact MMP-9 levels, with gum health being the more influential factor. Maintaining good gum health and adequate vitamin D levels is crucial for managing MMP-9, an enzyme critical for tissue remodeling during healing and inflammation. However, excessive MMP may rapidly destroy periodontal tissues.