O EIXO MICROBIOTA-INTESTINO-CÉREBRO E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NAS DOENÇAS NEURODEGENERATIVAS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

The microbiota of the digestive system is made up of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. These microorganisms play a fundamental role in the physiology of the human body, contributing to the digestion of food, the absorption of nutrients and the regulation of the immune system. In addition to its presence in the digestive system, the intestinal microbiota interacts with other body systems, including the central nervous system, in a complex and multifaceted way. Gut bacteria produce a variety of bioactive substances that have the ability to influence the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These substances can positively impact neuronal circuits, promoting a healthy environment and modulating the production of neurotransmitters. However, when an imbalance occurs in the composition of the microbiota, known as dysbiosis, this interaction can become harmful. Dysbiosis can negatively affect the function of the central nervous system, altering the production of neurotransmitters and impairing the integrity and efficiency of neuronal circuits, being an aggravating factor in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and the nervous system to recognize how a healthy microbiota can be beneficial for neurological health and how dysbiosis can predispose to adverse neurological conditions. Understanding these mechanisms can open the way to new treatment and prevention strategies.