Triply charm and bottom tetraquarks in a constituent quark model

Singly, doubly, and fully charmed tetraquark candidates, e.g., <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msub><a:mi>T</a:mi><a:mrow><a:mi>c</a:mi><a:mover accent="true"><a:mi>s</a:mi><a:mo stretchy="false">¯</a:mo></a:mover></a:mrow></a:msub><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mn>2900</a:mn><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo></a:math>, <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:msubsup><g:mi>T</g:mi><g:mrow><g:mi>c</g:mi><g:mi>c</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mo>+</g:mo></g:msubsup><g:mo stretchy="false">(</g:mo><g:mn>3875</g:mn><g:mo stretchy="false">)</g:mo></g:math>, and <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:mi>X</k:mi><k:mo stretchy="false">(</k:mo><k:mn>6900</k:mn><k:mo stretchy="false">)</k:mo></k:math> have been recently reported by the LHCb collaboration. Therefore, it is timely to implement a theoretical investigation on triply heavy tetraquark systems; herein, the S-wave triply charm and bottom tetraquarks, <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><o:mover accent="true"><o:mi>Q</o:mi><o:mo stretchy="false">¯</o:mo></o:mover><o:mi>Q</o:mi><o:mover accent="true"><o:mi>q</o:mi><o:mo stretchy="false">¯</o:mo></o:mover><o:mi>Q</o:mi></o:math> <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><u:mo stretchy="false">(</u:mo><u:mi>q</u:mi><u:mo>=</u:mo><u:mi>u</u:mi><u:mo>,</u:mo><u:mi>d</u:mi><u:mo>,</u:mo><u:mi>s</u:mi><u:mo>;</u:mo><u:mi>Q</u:mi><u:mo>=</u:mo><u:mi>c</u:mi><u:mo>,</u:mo><u:mi>b</u:mi><u:mo stretchy="false">)</u:mo></u:math>, with spin-parity <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><y:msup><y:mi>J</y:mi><y:mi>P</y:mi></y:msup><y:mo>=</y:mo><y:msup><y:mn>0</y:mn><y:mo>+</y:mo></y:msup></y:math>, <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ab:msup><ab:mn>1</ab:mn><ab:mo>+</ab:mo></ab:msup></ab:math>, and <cb:math xmlns:cb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><cb:msup><cb:mn>2</cb:mn><cb:mo>+</cb:mo></cb:msup></cb:math>, isospin <eb:math xmlns:eb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><eb:mi>I</eb:mi><eb:mo>=</eb:mo><eb:mn>0</eb:mn></eb:math> and <gb:math xmlns:gb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><gb:mfrac><gb:mn>1</gb:mn><gb:mn>2</gb:mn></gb:mfrac></gb:math>, are systematically studied in a constituent quark model. Besides, all tetraquark configurations, i.e., meson-meson, diquark-antidiquark, and K-type arrangements, along with any allowed color structure, are comprehensively considered. The Gaussian expansion method (GEM), in combination with the complex-scaling method (CSM), which is quite ingenious in dealing with either bound or resonances, is the approach adopted in solving the complex scaled Schrödinger equation. This theoretical framework has already been applied in various tetra- and pentaquark systems. In a fully coupled-channel calculation within the <ib:math xmlns:ib="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ib:mrow><ib:mrow><ib:mi>GEM</ib:mi><ib:mo stretchy="false">+</ib:mo></ib:mrow><ib:mi>CSM</ib:mi></ib:mrow></ib:math>, narrow resonances are found in each <lb:math xmlns:lb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><lb:mi>I</lb:mi><lb:mo stretchy="false">(</lb:mo><lb:msup><lb:mi>J</lb:mi><lb:mi>P</lb:mi></lb:msup><lb:mo stretchy="false">)</lb:mo></lb:math> channel of the charm and bottom sector. In particular, triply charm and bottom tetraquark resonances are obtained in 5.6–5.9 GeV and 15.3–15.7 GeV, respectively. We provide also some insights of the compositeness of these exotic states, such as the inner quark distance, magnetic moment and dominant wave function component. All this may help to distinguish them in future high energy nuclear and particle experiments. Published by the American Physical Society 2024