Radiation Resilience in Bacteria: Mechanism and Bioremediation Applications

The ability of certain bacteria to withstand and adapt to ionizing radiation (IR) has significantly advanced our understanding of cellular resistance mechanisms and their potential biotechnological applications.This review examines the bio-physical properties of radioresistant bacteria, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that underpin their varied responses to radiation.Bacteria such as Deinococcus radiodurans are exemplary models, showcasing robust DNA repair pathways, protein protection strategies, and powerful antioxidant defenses that collectively contribute to their extraordinary resilience.Beyond their survival mechanisms, the ecological roles of these bacteria in extreme environments are explored, highlighting the evolutionary advantages conferred by their radioresistance.The review also discusses the potential applications of these microorganisms in bioremediation, where they could be utilized to detoxify environments contaminated with radioactive materials, and in radiation therapy, where their unique properties might inspire new treatment strategies.By delving into the bio-physical interactions that enable microbial survival in high-radiation habitats, this work provides comprehensive insights into the resilience of these bacteria, offering promising avenues for innovative applications in both scientific research and industrial processes