In vivo assessment of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and co‐cultured cells on a <scp>Polyurethane</scp> / <scp>PRGF</scp> /gelatin/ <scp>Polyurethane</scp> scaffold in skin wound healing

Abstract Rapid wound healing using platelet‐rich growth factors (PRGF), stem cells, and probiotics is important due to their positive effects on skin regeneration and antibacterial activities. A novel method was employed to fabricate a biomaterial multi‐layered electrospun scaffold composed of polyurethane, PRGF, and gelatin fibers. This scaffold was used to induce mesenchymal stem cells with fibroblast cells (co‐cultured cells) and Lactobacillus plantarum . The scaffolds were analyzed for physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics. The results showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds had a higher Young's modulus and decreased contact angle. Scanning electron microscope and MTT assays demonstrated improved spreading, density, and proliferation of co‐culture cells and L. plantarum on the PU/PRGF/gelatin/PU scaffolds. Additionally, L. plantarum showed antibacterial effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli . Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that the PU/PRGF/gelatin/PU scaffold with Co and L.p was implanted on the full‐thickness skin wound of the rat's dorsal area, resulting in high pathological scores and aesthetic macroscopic results that demonstrated greater wound repair efficacy compared to the control groups. Based on the results, PU/PRGF/gelatin/PU containing the co‐culture cells and L. plantarum showed better potential for cell attachment, angiogenesis, proliferation, prevention of infection, and accelerated wound healing in rats. Highlights Multi‐layered scaffold designed to mimic the architectures found in tissue layers. Co‐culture involves diverse cell populations with varying levels of interaction. Antibacterial activity inhibits target bacteria growth without harming nearby tissues. Full‐thickness wounds penetrate beyond the dermis and epidermis layers of the skin. Wound healing involves a number of stage‐specific molecular pathways.