A Comparison Essay in the Context of the Management Phenomenon: Ancient Sumerian, Egyptian and Greek Civilizations

Abstract. The evolution of management ideas has been shaped by advancements spanning from ancient times to the present. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that remnants of historical methods and practices persist in contemporary management approaches. The foundation of numerous management phenomena and theories in the contemporary era has been attempted to be elucidated by drawing upon ideas and practices that may be traced back to previous epochs, including ancient times. This study utilized secondary data and employed a compilation strategy. The objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the comprehension of management and society in the Sumerian, Egyptian, and Greek civilizations, which hold significant importance in ancient history. An attempt has been made to ascertain how the concept of management was developed in these three civilizations, the reasons that influenced management, and to identify and compare the key characteristics of management in each culture. The study aims to elucidate the disparities in governance and social structure among the three civilizations. The collected data have led to the conclusion that the geography of a civilization's settlement and the cultural and religious values of its society play a crucial role in shaping the system of government.