Microbiome to dictate the occurrence of neurological disorders

Neuropsychiatric disorders have been the constant burden impacting healthcare since 1990, and more than 3 billion people worldwide are living with neurological conditions. Mental health conditions with cognitive decline were also observed in people who contracted SARSCoV-2 and later presented the PACS related disease after the resolution of primary infection. Long term dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and neurological inflammations signify the establishment of major depressive disorders (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), lateral sclerosis etc. More than 4% of cases of periodontitis are likely to develop brain related abnormalities. Conversely, cellular and molecular alterations keep restoring Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), tau protein, and 2-synuclein protein with plaque formation allow the disease associate microglia (DAM TREM) phenotype to transfer the aberrant signals through post synaptic neurons. Brain related inflammations are accompanied by various agonist molecules, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), increased C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Firmicutes with Lactobacillus spp., Ruminococcus spp., Lachnospira spp. are the known short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, those meant to involve in regulating the immunological and physiological functions from Gut-Brain-Gut building homeostasis. Aβ stimulation of glial cells produces anti-inflammatory effects, while controlling the ERK/MAPK/JAK/NFkβ pathways-based inflammations. Serotonin, dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), kynurenic acid are the regulatory neurotransmitters that contribute to the prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases and also reduce the stress related corticosterone. Impaired molecular signals disrupt the endothelial layer of gut and blood brain barrier (BBB) impacting the serotonin production in brain. It is imperative to utilize pre, pro, and postbiotics to modulate the depleted microbiota, could reverse the aberrant signals instigating a better disease prognosis.