Theophylline use—a conundrum in modern medicine: a case report

Theophylline is a methylxanthine derivative medication that is used sparingly in the treatment of airway diseases. It has become less favorable over the years due to its narrow therapeutic index and potential for development of toxicity. Monitoring serum drug levels and adjusting the dose frequently to maintain a therapeutic range is essential to prevent toxicity related to theophylline. There is emerging evidence that the drug might have anti-inflammatory properties to aid in treating many chronic airway disorders and pharmacovigilance is necessary for its continued use.