Case report: Refractory focal motor seizure associated with cerebrospinal fluid neurochondrin antibody

This is the first reported case of refractory autoimmune epilepsy with positive CSF anti-neurochondrin antibody. This study contributes to the body of evidence supporting the role of neurochondrin antibody in epilepsy. Considering autoimmune testing in individuals with seizures having APE2 score > 4 can aid in timely diagnosis of immune-mediated epilepsy and initiation of immunotherapy, which can result in favorable clinical outcomes. Diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy, in most cases, is based on clinical characteristics, MRI results, and CSF findings. In addition to the traditional antibody panel for autoimmune encephalitis, some novel antibodies, such as anti-neurochondrin, should also be considered.