Comparing Tracking Accuracy in Standalone MR-HMDs: Apple Vision Pro, Hololens 2, Meta Quest 3, and Pico 4 Pro

Modern Mixed Reality Head-Mounted Displays (MR-HMDs) can track user movements across large spaces without external markers. This study evaluates the tracking accuracy and the loop closure capabilities of four commercially available MR-HMDs across four distinct scenarios. We found consistent tracking performance in well-lit and expansive environments for all devices. Tracking accuracy remained stable even in outdoor nighttime conditions. Furthermore, most HMDs demonstrated effective error correction during loop closure, with errors in non-loop scenarios consistently exceeding those in loop scenarios.