The Importance of Dermatological Detection of Xanthomas and Xanthelsemas in Pediatric Patients: A Summary of Case Reports

Diseases such as sitosterolemias, familial hyperlipidemias, and familial hypercholesterolemias are characterized by unique dermatological manifestations, including eruptive xanthomas and xanthelasmas. Although these conditions are relatively rare in dermatology, they hold significant implications for cardiovascular health, potentially leading to fatal outcomes such as atherosclerotic disease, acute coronary syndrome or hypertensive encephalopathy if untreated. These diseases are particularly notable in pediatric populations and effective preventative treatment can be administered if these lipid-related disorders are detected early. This case series summary highlights various case reports to underscore the critical qualitative dermatological findings associated with these lipid disorders in children. By identifying these signs early through comprehensive dermatological examinations, it is possible to initiate preventative treatments that mitigate the risk of severe cardiovascular disease and other systemic diseases later in adulthood. The aim of this case series is to highlight these dermatological indicators clearly, providing dermatologists with a reliable reference for early diagnosis and intervention, thus highlighting the importance of dermatological assessment in preventing serious health outcomes associated with pediatric lipid disorders.