Neurointerventional Therapy for Giant Facial Haemangioma: Case Report and Literature Review

Backgrounds: Facial giant arteriovenous malformations are uncommon, with causes attributed to both inherited and acquired factors.The typical approach for treatment involves surgical excision and embolization.Case presentation: Here, we report a patient in their 40s who had facial arteriovenous malformations that caused swelling of the eyelids and facial after two interventional embolization surgeries in an outpatient hospital.After a traumatic experience, the arteriovenous malformation grew rapidly and obscured the eye, so the patient came to our hospital and underwent a third interventional treatment while awaiting surgical resection.In addition, we reviewed the literature on facial arteriovenous malformations and provided an indepth discussion of the status of facial arteriovenous malformations, including their causes, treatments, and outcomes.Conclusions: Giant facial arteriovenous malformations are rare, and the mechanism of their pathogenesis and rapid enlargement remains to be explored.Through a review of the literature, we found that trauma in these patients may be the mechanism of their onset and exacerbation, and vascular embolization alone is limited, and may be combined with surgical resection.