Phenotypic characterization of the native yaks of Sikkim

Native yaks of Sikkim are reared in a pastoral production system by the tribal Dokpa community for their economic and socio-religious significance. Sikkimese yaks are phenotypically distinguishable from the yaks found in the neighbouring state of Arunachal Pradesh. Animals are generally black, broad and convex forehead, horizontal ears, curved upward pointing horns and docile temperament. Females have round udder and cylindrical teats. Also, Sikkimese yaks have comparatively shorter body length, lesser heart girth and greater height at withers as compared to Arunachali yaks. Animals are reared in a pastoral production system with characteristic features like seasonal migration, temporary shelters, highland forage grazing and ethno-veterinary practices. However, there are certain threats, which must be countered to ensure the continual existence and sustainability of this valuable germplasm.