Suicide Prevention in Homeless Individuals: Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions

Background and Aims Suicide among people experiencing homelessness is a rising concern, as due to the current economic and geopolitical reasons, people experiencing homelessness are on the rise. Studies have reported a higher rate of suicide among persons experiencing homelessness than the general population. The current available data and interventions to address this issue are limited. This research is aimed to review interventions available, specifically to address suicide and suicidal behavior among people experiencing homelessness. Material and Methods Electronic literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, and Scopus up to July 31, 2024. Result A total search of 4035 studies was identified via literature, among which seven studies were included for the review. Discussion The factors causing higher suicide in the homeless population are multifaceted. The few studies available in this area show the efficacy of cognitive therapy for suicide prevention (CTSP), dialectial behavioral therapy (DBT), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) along with the efficacy of housing and emotional regulation in suicide prevention. Conclusion Limited data is available in this area. This marginalized group needs a holistic approach in suicide prevention, addressing both psychiatric as well as social aspects.