Validation of a dynamic 4D microsurgical bypass simulator for training and teaching microvascular anastomosis techniques with blood flow and fluorescence imaging

The 4D simulator and the high-fidelity artificial 3D printed model effectively simulated actual bypass surgery in a key-hole fashion with blood flow abilities. Limited resources and preparation time are needed for the training setup. The model provides benefits in learning and maintaining anastomosis skills and allows for easy adaptation to different microanatomical scenarios.