Spatial–temporal variations of b-values prior to medium-to-large earthquakes in Taiwan and the feasibility of real-time precursor monitoring

Abstract This study explores the b -value variations prior to M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes in Taiwan, examining their potential as earthquake precursors. Focusing on the 2018 Hualien earthquake and others between 1999 and 2021, we found that many large earthquakes occurred in areas with low b -values a year prior, although there were no significant temporal changes near the epicenters. However, for more accurate earthquake precursors, incorporating additional factors is recommended to minimize uncertainty. Graphical Abstract