Arbitrary two-dimensional particle transport utilizing graphene patterns

A tunable metal surface composed of periodically arranged graphene nanodisks (GNDs) has been designed to achieve precise regulation of two-dimensional light fields. Since the distribution of hot spots (i.e., locally enhanced light fields) around GND is closely related to the polarization state, it can be reconfigured by rotating the polarization direction to transport trapped particles along the edge of the disk. By adjusting the Fermi level to activate the corresponding GND, the directional transmission of target particles between adjacent GND is realized. The rotation of the polarization direction determines the particle movement trajectory around GND. The target particle can move around GND in any direction by synchronously adjusting the Fermi energy level and the polarization angle. This innovative optical transport mechanism with high structural scalability can be widely used in on-chip optical fluid technology.