Urethral caruncles

Key content: Urethral caruncle is a common post‐menopausal finding. This common benign lesion can be mistaken as a malignancy. Management should be based on the patient's symptoms. Vaginal estrogen should be considered as first‐line management before surgical excision. Learning objectives: To evaluate the symptomatic presentation of urethral caruncle. To establish the differential diagnosis of a mass in the urethra. To review the management options of urethral caruncle including medical and surgical excision. To highlight primary care management of urethral caruncle. Ethical issues: Owing to poor recognition of urethral caruncle, many patients are put through the emotional distress of referral to cancer pathways. Surgery should be considered first line for large urethral caruncle or in symptomatic patients.