Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable disease risk factors among adult population in rural Manipur: a cross-sectional study

Background: Owing to epidemiological transition and factors like rapid urbanization, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases has risen to alarming levels instigating global attention. Early detection of risk factors is of paramount importance when it comes to combating non-communicable diseases. Risk factors for non-communicable diseases can be broadly classified into behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors and determine their association with sociodemographic variables among the adult population of rural Manipur. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population in rural areas of Bishnupur district, Manipur during February and March 2023. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected from 426 individuals using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics like mean with standard deviation and percentage were used. Chi-square test was used for statistical significance. Results: The overall prevalence of current smoking was 22.3%, and 55.6% of respondents were currently using smokeless tobacco products. The prevalence of current alcohol consumption was 25.8%, 77.5% of the respondents had insufficient consumption of fruits and/or vegetables, 30% had insufficient physical activity, 21.4% were having daily salt intake of >5g, 58.2% were found to have overweight/obesity, and 47.4% were found with raised blood pressure. Occupation was found to be significantly associated with all non-communicable disease risk factors assessed in this study. Conclusion: Life-style behaviour modification interventions are a must to reduce risk factors of non-communicable diseases.