Seed quality of different Malaysian rice varieties (cv. MR297, MR253 and MR269)

Abstract Seed quality, particularly seed longevity, is crucial as it indicates the potential crop yield performance. Determining seed longevity provides an estimate of the storage potential of rice seeds. The objectives of this study were to determine the seed quality and potential longevity ( p 50 ) of different Malaysian rice varieties (cv. MR297, MR253, and MR269). Seeds of cv. MR297 were obtained from KADA Mulong, Kelantan, while those of cv. MR253 and MR269 were sourced from Sungai Rambai, Melaka, two weeks after harvest. The initial seed moisture content (MC) ranged between 10-18%. Seed quality characteristics, including normal germination, speed of germination, seedling length, and seed vigour index (VI), were assessed. Prior to determining P 50 , the seeds were maintained at 15% ± 0.5 MC. Sixteen samples for each variety, consisting of 50 seeds per packet, were kept in an incubator at 40°C for 10 days. Seed samples were withdrawn at 3, 7, and 10 days post-incubation. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber set to 25/16°C with a 12-hour photoperiod and recorded until 14 days of the germination period. The findings indicate significant differences among the varieties in terms of normal germination percentage, speed of germination, seed vigour index, seedling dry weight, seedling length, and seed VI. The average initial seed MC was 10.28% for MR297, 18.52% for MR253, and 9.46% for MR269. The ability of cv. MR297 seeds to germinate normally ranged from 80-94%, cv. MR253 from 50-87%, and cv. MR269 from 7-94%. The estimated potential seed longevity ( p 50 ) for cv. MR297 suggests that 50% of the seeds will lose viability after 46 days in storage. In conclusion, cv. MR297 demonstrates superior seed quality and potential longevity compared to cv. MR253 and cv. MR269.