Review on the impact of fluid inertia effect on hydraulic fracturing and controlling factors in porous and fractured media

Abstract The impact of fluid inertia on fracture flow dynamics, particularly under high-velocity conditions, has emerged as a critical consideration in petroleum engineering and related fields. This review paper investigates the profound effects of inertia-dominated nonlinear flow, a phenomenon increasingly recognised for its significant influence on fluid dynamics in rock fractures. Given the prevalence and importance of such flows in field applications, neglecting fluid inertial effects is no longer justifiable. A comprehensive investigation into these effects is essential for advancing our understanding of fracture flow mechanisms and optimising engineering practices. This review aims to thoroughly analyse the impact of fluid inertia on applications in hydraulic fracturing. It offers an in-depth discussion of how fluid inertia affects critical aspects of crack propagation, fracture diagnostics, proppant transport and settlement, and fines migration. Additionally, this paper identifies and explores four main factors that influence the fluid inertia effect in fracture flows: fracture roughness, intersections and dead ends within the fracture network, variations in contact area and fracture aperture, and the role of shear displacement. The review provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between fluid inertia and fracture flow dynamics by elucidating these factors.