Role of genetic markers development of diabetic kidney disease in the South Asian population

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. While DKD has been extensively studied, there is growing recognition of the role of genetic factors in its development and progression, particularly within diverse populations such as South Asians. This study aims to provide an overview on the role of genetic markers in developing DKD in the South Asian population. The epidemiology of DKD within South Asian populations is characterized by unique genetic and environmental factors, contributing to an increased susceptibility to the disease. Genetic studies have identified several susceptibility loci and candidate genes associated with DKD among South Asians. These genetic markers play crucial roles in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress and renal fibrosis pathways, ultimately impacting DKD susceptibility and progression. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in translating genetic findings into clinical practice including the need for robust validation studies and consideration of ethical and social implications. Moreover, the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors underscores the importance of comprehensive risk assessment and personalized management approaches for DKD in South Asian individuals. In conclusion, understanding the role of genetic markers in DKD among South Asians holds promise for improving risk stratification, early detection and targeted interventions. Further research is warranted to elucidate the functional significance of genetic variants, to validate their clinical utility and to address barriers to implementation in diverse clinical settings. Such efforts are essential for advancing precision medicine approaches and reducing the burden of DKD within the South Asian population.