Effect of splenectomy on the course of reparative processes in the liver

In mammals, the liver and spleen are closely related to each other and form the so-called liver-spleen axis. The functioning of this axis is based on anatomical connection through portal circulation, as well as the commonality of many functions performed. The connection between the liver and spleen is most pronounced in the development of such pathologic conditions as fibrosis and cirrhosis. Some clinical and experimental studies found that removal of the spleen leads to a decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis. A positive effect of spleen removal has also been found in liver resection and liver transplantation. Different authors suggest several mechanisms of this effect. It is assumed that the spleen in the development of fibrosis becomes an additional source of cytokines damaging the liver. In addition, monocytes and other leukocytes that support inflammation may migrate from the spleen to the liver. Another mechanism may be a decrease in blood pressure levels in the hepatic portal vein after splenectomy. Despite the available evidence, the mechanisms of this effect remain poorly understood. This issue is relevant for biomedical research, as it may form the basis for the development of new ways to treat liver diseases and stimulate its regeneration.