Features of hydrodynamic parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with diabetes mellitus

PURPOSE. To identify the characteristics of ocular hydrodynamic parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS. The study examined a total of 200 patients (280 eyes), including 110 patients (220 eyes, main group) with POAG and type 2 DM, 30 patients (60 eyes, control group 1) with type 2 DM without glaucoma, and 60 patients (106 eyes, control group 2) with POAG without diabetes. Tonography was performed using the GlauTest–60 device in addition to standard methods of ophthalmological examination. RESULTS. In the main group, a reduction in true intraocular pressure (P0) was observed in advanced and early stages of glaucoma, with values of 24.6±0.45 mm Hg (80 eyes) and 21.6±0.4 mm Hg (136 eyes), respectively, compared to 21.8±0.6 mm Hg and 17.9±0.63 mm Hg (p<0.05) in control group 1. The ease of outflow coefficient (C) decreased to 0.11±0.08 mm³/min/mm Hg and 0.14±0.06 mm³/min/mm Hg in the main group, compared to control group 1, where it was -0.15±0.006 mm³/min/mm Hg and 0.27±0.036 mm³/min/mm Hg, respectively (p<0.05; p<0.01). In the main group, an increase in P0 and a decrease in C were more pronounced as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels in the blood exceeded 7.5% and in cases of diabetic retinopathy at stages II and III. CONCLUSION. In patients with uncontrolled type 2 DM and increasing HbA1C levels, there is a significant increase in P0 and a decrease in C. This highlights the need for continuous monitoring of hydrodynamic parameters.