Lung Damage Induced by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA in Murine Model of Malarial Infection is Mitigated by Dietary Supplementation with DHA-Rich Omega-3

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe complications that can occur in infections caused by any <i>Plasmodium</i> species. Due to the high lethality rate and the lack of specific treatment for ALI/ARDS, studies aimed at understanding and searching for treatment strategies for such complications have been fundamental. Here, we investigated the protective role of dietary supplementation with DHA-rich fish oil against lung damage induced by <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> ANKA in a murine model. Our results demonstrated that alveolar vascular damage, lung edema, and histopathological alterations were significantly reduced in mice that received dietary supplementation compared to those that did not receive the supplementation. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes, in addition to reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also observed. High levels of IL-10, but not of TNF-α and IFN-γ, were also observed in infected mice that received the supplementation, along with a reduction in local oxidative stress. Together, the data suggest that dietary supplementation with DHA-rich fish oil in malarial endemic areas may help reduce lung damage resulting from the infection, thus preventing worsening of the condition.